Understanding the Beers Criteria and how it can help prevent falls

Falls among older adults are a significant health concern, often resulting in serious injuries, reduced quality of life, and even hospitalization. As we age, the medications we take to manage chronic conditions or acute illnesses can inadvertently increase our risk of falls. Thankfully, there’s a valuable tool that healthcare professionals, such as your doctor and pharmacist, use to minimize this risk—the Beers Criteria.

What is the Beers Criteria?

The Beers Criteria, developed by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), is a comprehensive list of medications considered potentially inappropriate or harmful for older adults (typically those aged 65 and older). First introduced by Dr. Mark Beers in 1991 and updated regularly, this list helps healthcare providers identify medications that could lead to adverse effects, such as falls, confusion, and dizziness, and find safer alternatives.

Why Should Seniors and Their Families Be Concerned?

As we age, the body’s ability to metabolize and clear medications decreases, meaning drugs often remain in the system longer, amplifying their effects. Certain medications, especially those identified in the Beers Criteria, are associated with a higher risk of falls due to side effects such as sedation, dizziness, confusion, and balance impairment.

Common Medications Identified in Beers Criteria That Can Increase Fall Risk

Here are some notable medication categories listed by the Beers Criteria that seniors or their caregivers should be aware of:

Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam)

Used for anxiety or sleep issues.

Risks: Sedation, impaired coordination, dizziness, confusion.

Non-Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotics (e.g., zolpidem, eszopiclone)

Commonly prescribed for insomnia.

Risks: Excessive sedation, confusion, memory impairment, increased fall risk.

Anticholinergic Medications (e.g., diphenhydramine, oxybutynin)

Often used for allergies, sleep, or bladder control.

Risks: Cognitive impairment, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision.

Certain Antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, paroxetine)

Prescribed for depression or chronic pain.

Risks: Sedation, orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure upon standing), balance issues.

Antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, quetiapine)

Used for behavioral disturbances or psychosis.

Risks: Dizziness, sedation, impaired cognitive function, increased fall risk.

Muscle Relaxants (e.g., cyclobenzaprine)

Often prescribed for muscle spasms or chronic pain.

Risks: Sedation, impaired coordination, dizziness.

How Can Doctors and Pharmacists Help?

Healthcare providers play an essential role in protecting seniors from medication-related falls. When prescribing medication, your doctor and pharmacist consider the Beers Criteria as part of their evaluation process. They carefully assess the risks and benefits, especially if you’re already taking multiple medications.

Doctors and pharmacists might:

Regularly review your medication list and reduce or eliminate medications deemed high-risk.
Recommend safer alternative treatments.
Adjust dosages to minimize side effects.
Educate you and your family members about potential side effects and how to recognize them.
Suggest lifestyle modifications or non-pharmacological treatments to minimize the need for high-risk medications.

What You Can Do as a Patient or Caregiver

Being proactive can significantly decrease fall risks related to medication:

Stay Informed: Familiarize yourself with medications on the Beers Criteria. Ask your pharmacist or doctor about any medication concerns.

Medication Review: Regularly review all medications with your healthcare provider, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Report Side Effects Promptly: If you notice dizziness, balance issues, confusion, or drowsiness, inform your healthcare provider immediately.

Avoid Medication Sharing: Never use medications prescribed for someone else, as drug tolerances and risks vary significantly by individual.

Maintain a Medication List: Keep an updated list of all medications, including dosage and frequency, and bring it to all medical appointments.

Alternative Strategies to Reduce Falls

Besides medication management, integrating additional preventative strategies can dramatically reduce fall risks:

Physical Activity: Regular exercise focused on strength, balance, and flexibility can greatly enhance stability.

Home Safety Modifications: Adjust your living environment to reduce hazards—install handrails, use non-slip mats, ensure adequate lighting, and remove clutter.

Routine Vision Checks: Regular eye exams and updated eyewear can prevent falls due to vision impairment.

Footwear Choices: Choose sturdy, supportive footwear with non-slip soles.

The Bottom Line

Understanding the Beers Criteria is crucial for seniors and their caregivers, enabling informed decisions regarding medication use. Collaborative efforts among seniors, family members, healthcare providers, and pharmacists can substantially minimize fall risk, enhancing independence and quality of life.

Remember, medications aren’t inherently bad, but awareness and vigilance in their management can make all the difference in maintaining health, safety, and independence in your golden years.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations regarding your health.

Compassionate Care, Every Step of the Way